1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

1.1 Multiple Myeloma

Norvelzo® (bortezomib) is indicated for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma.

1.2 Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Norvelzo is indicated for the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma who have received at least 1 prior therapy.

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2.1 General Dosing Guidelines

The recommended starting dose of Norvelzo is 1.3 mg/m². Norvelzo may be administered intravenously at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, or subcutaneously at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL. When administered intravenously, Norvelzo is administered as a 3 to 5 second bolus intravenous injection. Norvelzo is for intravenous or subcutaneous use only. Norvelzo should not be administered by any other route.

Because each route of administration has a different reconstituted concentration, caution should be used when calculating the volume to be administered.

2.2 Dosage in Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma

Norvelzo is administered in combination with oral melphalan and oral prednisone for nine 6-week treatment cycles as shown in Table 1. In Cycles 1-4, Norvelzo is administered twice weekly (days 1, 4, 8, 11, 22, 25, 29 and 32). In Cycles 5-9, Norvelzo is administered once weekly (days 1, 8, 22 and 29). At least 72 hours should elapse between consecutive doses of Norvelzo.

Table 1: Dosage Regimen for Patients with Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma

Twice Weekly Norvelzo (Cycles 1-4)
Week	1				2		3	4		5		6
Norvelzo (1.3 mg/m2)	Day 1	--	--	Day 4	Day 8	Day 11	rest period	Day 22	Day 25	Day 29	Day 32	rest period
Melphalan(9 mg/m2) Prednisone(60 mg/m2)	Day 1	Day 2	Day 3	Day 4	--	--	rest period	--	--	--	--	rest period
Once Weekly Norvelzo (Cycles 5-9 when used in combination with Melphalan and Prednisone)
Week	1				2		3	4		5		6
Norvelzo (1.3 mg/m2)	Day 1	--	--		Day 8		rest period	Day 22		Day 29		rest period
Melphalan(9 mg/m2) Prednisone(60 mg/m2)	Day 1	Day 2	Day 3	Day 4	--	--	rest period	--	--	--	--	rest period

2.3 Dose Modification Guidelines for Norvelzo When Given in Combination with Melphalan and Prednisone

Prior to initiating any cycle of therapy with Norvelzo in combination with melphalan and prednisone:

• Platelet count should be at least 70 × 109/L and the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) should be at least 1.0 × 109/L
• Non-hematological toxicities should have resolved to Grade 1 or baseline

Table 2: Dose Modifications during Cycles of Combination Norvelzo, Melphalan and Prednisone Therapy

Toxicity		Dose modification or delay
For information concerning melphalan and prednisone, see manufacturer's prescribing information.
Hematological toxicity during a cycle: If prolonged Grade 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, or thrombocytopenia with bleeding is observed in the previous cycle		Consider reduction of the melphalan dose by 25% in the next cycle
If platelet count is not above 30 × 109/L or ANC is not above 0.75 × 109/L on a Norvelzo dosing day (other than day 1)		Withhold Norvelzo dose
If several Norvelzo doses in consecutive cycles are withheld due to toxicity		Reduce Norvelzo dose by 1 dose level (from 1.3 mg/m2 to 1 mg/m2, or from 1 mg/m2 to 0.7 mg/m2)
Grade 3 or higher non-hematological toxicities		Withhold Norvelzo therapy until symptoms of toxicity have resolved to Grade 1 or baseline. Then, Norvelzo may be reinitiated with one dose level reduction (from 1.3 mg/m2 to 1 mg/m2, or from 1 mg/m2 to 0.7 mg/m2). For Norvelzo-related neuropathic pain and/or peripheral neuropathy, hold or modify Norvelzo as outlined in Table 3.

Dose modifications guidelines for peripheral neuropathy are provided.

2.4 Dosage and Dose Modifications for Relapsed Multiple Myeloma and Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Norvelzo (1.3 mg/m2/dose) is administered twice weekly for 2 weeks (Days 1, 4, 8, and 11) followed by a 10-day rest period (Days 12-21). For extended therapy of more than 8 cycles, Norvelzo may be administered on the standard schedule or on a maintenance schedule of once weekly for 4 weeks (Days 1, 8, 15, and 22) followed by a 13-day rest period (Days 23 to 35). At least 72 hours should elapse between consecutive doses of Norvelzo.

Norvelzo therapy should be withheld at the onset of any Grade 3 non-hematological or Grade 4 hematological toxicities excluding neuropathy. Once the symptoms of the toxicity have resolved, Norvelzo therapy may be reinitiated at a 25% reduced dose (1.3 mg/m2/dose reduced to 1 mg/m2/dose; 1 mg/m2/dose reduced to 0.7 mg/m2/dose).

2.5 Dose Modifications for Peripheral Neuropathy

Starting Norvelzo subcutaneously may be considered for patients with pre-existing or at high risk of peripheral neuropathy. Patients with pre-existing severe neuropathy should be treated with Norvelzo only after careful risk-benefit assessment.

Patients experiencing new or worsening peripheral neuropathy during Norvelzo therapy may require a decrease in the dose and/or a less dose-intense schedule.

For dose or schedule modification guidelines for patients who experience Norvelzo-related neuropathic pain and/or peripheral neuropathy see Table 3.

Table 3: Recommended Dose Modification for Norvelzo related Neuropathic Pain and/or Peripheral Sensory or Motor Neuropathy

Severity of Peripheral Neuropathy Signs and Symptoms*		Modification of Dose and Regimen
* Grading based on NCI Common Terminology Criteria CTCAE v4.0 † Instrumental ADL: refers to preparing meals, shopping for groceries or clothes, using telephone, managing money etc; ‡ Self care ADL: refers to bathing, dressing and undressing, feeding self, using the toilet, taking medications, and not bedridden
Grade 1 (asymptomatic; loss of deep tendon reflexes or paresthesia) without pain or loss of function		No action
Grade 1 with pain or Grade 2 (moderate symptoms; limiting instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADL)†)		Reduce Norvelzo to 1 mg/m2
Grade 2 with pain or Grade 3 (severe symptoms; limiting self care ADL ‡)		Withhold Norvelzo therapy until toxicity resolves. When toxicity resolves reinitiate with a reduced dose of Norvelzo at 0.7 mg/m2 once per week.
Grade 4 (life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated)		Discontinue Norvelzo

2.6 Dosage in Patients with Hepatic Impairment

Patients with mild hepatic impairment do not require a starting dose adjustment and should be treated per the recommended Norvelzo dose. Patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment should be started on Norvelzo at a reduced dose of 0.7 mg/m2 per injection during the first cycle, and a subsequent dose escalation to 1.0 mg/m2 or further dose reduction to 0.5 mg/m2 may be considered based on patient tolerance (see Table 4).

Table 4: Recommended Starting Dose Modification for Norvelzo in Patients with Hepatic Impairment

	Bilirubin Level	SGOT (AST) Levels	Modification of Starting Dose
Abbreviations: SGOT = serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ULN = upper limit of the normal range.
Mild	Less than or equal to 1.0x ULN	More than ULN	None
	More than 1.0x–1.5x ULN	Any	None
Moderate	More than 1.5x–3x ULN	Any	Reduce Norvelzo to 0.7 mg/m2 in the first cycle. Consider dose escalation to 1.0 mg/m2 or further dose reduction to 0.5 mg/m2 in subsequent cycles based on patient tolerability.
Severe	More than 3x ULN	Any

2.7 Administration Precautions

The drug quantity contained in one vial (3.5 mg) may exceed the usual dose required. Caution should be used in calculating the dose to prevent overdose.

When administered subcutaneously, sites for each injection (thigh or abdomen) should be rotated. New injections should be given at least one inch from an old site and never into areas where the site is tender, bruised, erythematous, or indurated.

If local injection site reactions occur following Norvelzo administration subcutaneously, a less concentrated Norvelzo solution (1 mg/mL instead of 2.5 mg/mL) may be administered subcutaneously. Alternatively, the intravenous route of administration should be considered.

Norvelzo is an antineoplastic. Procedures for proper handling and disposal should be considered.

2.8 Reconstitution/Preparation for Intravenous and Subcutaneous Administration

Proper aseptic technique should be used. Reconstitute only with 0.9% sodium chloride. The reconstituted product should be a clear and colorless solution.

Different volumes of 0.9% sodium chloride are used to reconstitute the product for the different routes of administration. The reconstituted concentration of bortezomib for subcutaneous administration (2.5 mg/mL) is greater than the reconstituted concentration of bortezomib for intravenous administration (1 mg/mL). Because each route of administration has a different reconstituted concentration, caution should be used when calculating the volume to be administered.

For each 3.5 mg single-use vial of bortezomib reconstitute with the following volume of 0.9% sodium chloride based on route of administration (Table 5):

Table 5: Reconstitution Volumes and Final Concentration for Intravenous and Subcutaneous Administration

Route of administration	Bortezomib (mg/vial)	Diluent (0.9% Sodium Chloride)	Final Bortezomib concentration (mg/mL)
Intravenous	3.5 mg	3.5 mL	1 mg/mL
Subcutaneous	3.5 mg	1.4 mL	2.5 mg/mL

Dose must be individualized to prevent overdosage. After determining patient body surface area (BSA) in square meters, use the following equations to calculate the total volume (mL) of reconstituted Norvelzo to be administered:

• Intravenous Administration [1 mg/mL concentration]

• Subcutaneous Administration [2.5 mg/mL concentration]

Stickers that indicate the route of administration are provided with each Norvelzo vial. These stickers should be placed directly on the syringe of Norvelzo once Norvelzo is prepared to help alert practitioners of the correct route of administration for Norvelzo.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit. If any discoloration or particulate matter is observed, the reconstituted product should not be used.

Stability: Unopened vials of Norvelzo are stable until the date indicated on the package when stored in the original package protected from light.

Norvelzo contains no antimicrobial preservative. Reconstituted Norvelzo should be administered within 8 hours of preparation. When reconstituted as directed, Norvelzo may be stored at 25°C (77°F). The reconstituted material may be stored in the original vial and/or the syringe prior to administration. The product may be stored for up to 8 hours in a syringe; however, total storage time for the reconstituted material must not exceed 8 hours when exposed to normal indoor lighting.

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

Each single-use vial of Norvelzo contains 3.5 mg of bortezomib as a sterile lyophilized white to off-white powder.

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

Norvelzo is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity (not including local reactions) to bortezomib, boron, or mannitol. Reactions have included anaphylactic reactions.

Norvelzo is contraindicated for intrathecal administration. Fatal events have occurred with intrathecal administration of Norvelzo.

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

5.1 Peripheral Neuropathy

Norvelzo treatment causes a peripheral neuropathy that is predominantly sensory; however, cases of severe sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy have been reported. Patients with pre-existing symptoms (numbness, pain or a burning feeling in the feet or hands) and/or signs of peripheral neuropathy may experience worsening peripheral neuropathy (including ≥ Grade 3) during treatment with Norvelzo. Patients should be monitored for symptoms of neuropathy, such as a burning sensation, hyperesthesia, hypoesthesia, paresthesia, discomfort, neuropathic pain or weakness. In the Phase 3 relapsed multiple myeloma trial comparing Norvelzo subcutaneous versus intravenous the incidence of Grade ≥ 2 peripheral neuropathy was 24% for subcutaneous and 39% for intravenous. Grade ≥ 3 peripheral neuropathy occurred in 6% of patients in the subcutaneous treatment group, compared with 15% in the intravenous treatment group. Starting Norvelzo subcutaneously may be considered for patients with pre-existing or at high risk of peripheral neuropathy.

Patients experiencing new or worsening peripheral neuropathy during Norvelzo therapy may require a decrease in the dose and/or a less dose-intense schedule. In the Norvelzo versus dexamethasone phase 3 relapsed multiple myeloma study, improvement in or resolution of peripheral neuropathy was reported in 48% of patients with ≥ Grade 2 peripheral neuropathy following dose adjustment or interruption. Improvement in or resolution of peripheral neuropathy was reported in 73% of patients who discontinued due to Grade 2 neuropathy or who had ≥ Grade 3 peripheral neuropathy in the phase 2 multiple myeloma studies. The long-term outcome of peripheral neuropathy has not been studied in mantle cell lymphoma.

5.2 Hypotension

The incidence of hypotension (postural, orthostatic, and hypotension NOS) was 8%. These events are observed throughout therapy. Caution should be used when treating patients with a history of syncope, patients receiving medications known to be associated with hypotension, and patients who are dehydrated. Management of orthostatic/postural hypotension may include adjustment of antihypertensive medications, hydration, and administration of mineralocorticoids and/or sympathomimetics.

5.3 Cardiac Toxicity

Acute development or exacerbation of congestive heart failure and new onset of decreased left ventricular ejection fraction have occurred during Norvelzo therapy, including reports in patients with no risk factors for decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. Patients with risk factors for, or existing heart disease should be closely monitored. In the relapsed multiple myeloma study of Norvelzo versus dexamethasone, the incidence of any treatment-related cardiac disorder was 8% and 5% in the Norvelzo and dexamethasone groups, respectively. The incidence of adverse reactions suggestive of heart failure (acute pulmonary edema, pulmonary edema, cardiac failure, congestive cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock) was ≤ 1% for each individual reaction in the Norvelzo group. In the dexamethasone group the incidence was ≤ 1% for cardiac failure and congestive cardiac failure; there were no reported reactions of acute pulmonary edema, pulmonary edema, or cardiogenic shock. There have been isolated cases of QT-interval prolongation in clinical studies; causality has not been established.

5.4 Pulmonary Toxicity

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and acute diffuse infiltrative pulmonary disease of unknown etiology such as pneumonitis, interstitial pneumonia, lung infiltration have occurred in patients receiving Norvelzo. Some of these events have been fatal.

In a clinical trial, the first two patients given high-dose cytarabine (2g/m2 per day) by continuous infusion with daunorubicin and Norvelzo for relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia died of ARDS early in the course of therapy.

There have been reports of pulmonary hypertension associated with Norvelzo administration in the absence of left heart failure or significant pulmonary disease.

In the event of new or worsening cardiopulmonary symptoms, consider interrupting Norvelzo until a prompt and comprehensive diagnostic evaluation is conducted.

5.5 Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES; formerly termed Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome (RPLS)) has occurred in patients receiving Norvelzo. PRES is a rare, reversible, neurological disorder which can present with seizure, hypertension, headache, lethargy, confusion, blindness, and other visual and neurological disturbances. Brain imaging, preferably MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), is used to confirm the diagnosis. In patients developing PRES, discontinue Norvelzo. The safety of reinitiating Norvelzo therapy in patients previously experiencing PRES is not known.

5.6 Gastrointestinal Toxicity

Norvelzo treatment can cause nausea, diarrhea, constipation, and vomiting sometimes requiring use of antiemetic and antidiarrheal medications. Ileus can occur. Fluid and electrolyte replacement should be administered to prevent dehydration. Interrupt Norvelzo for severe symptoms.

5.7 Thrombocytopenia/Neutropenia

Norvelzo is associated with thrombocytopenia and neutropenia that follow a cyclical pattern with nadirs occurring following the last dose of each cycle and typically recovering prior to initiation of the subsequent cycle. The cyclical pattern of platelet and neutrophil decreases and recovery remained consistent over the 8 cycles of twice weekly dosing, and there was no evidence of cumulative thrombocytopenia or neutropenia. The mean platelet count nadir measured was approximately 40% of baseline. The severity of thrombocytopenia related to pretreatment platelet count is shown in Table 6. In the relapsed multiple myeloma study of Norvelzo versus dexamethasone, the incidence of bleeding (≥ Grade 3) was 2% on the Norvelzo arm and was < 1% in the dexamethasone arm. Complete blood counts (CBC) should be monitored frequently during treatment with Norvelzo. Platelet count should be monitored prior to each dose of Norvelzo. Patients experiencing thrombocytopenia may require change in the dose and schedule of Norvelzo. Gastrointestinal and intracerebral hemorrhage has been reported in association with Norvelzo. Transfusions may be considered.

Table 6: Severity of Thrombocytopenia Related to Pretreatment Platelet Count in the Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study of Norvelzo versus Dexamethasone

Pretreatment Platelet Count *	Number of Patients (N=331) †	Number (%) of Patients with Platelet Count < 10,000/µL	Number (%) of Patients with Platelet Count 10,000-25,000/µL
* A baseline platelet count of 50,000/µL was required for study eligibility † Data were missing at baseline for 1 patient
≥ 75,000/µL	309	8 (3%)	36 (12%)
≥ 50,000/µL-< 75,000/µL	14	2 (14%)	11 (79%)
≥ 10,000/µL-< 50,000/µL	7	1 (14%)	5 (71%)

5.8 Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Tumor lysis syndrome has been reported with Norvelzo therapy. Patients at risk of tumor lysis syndrome are those with high tumor burden prior to treatment. Monitor patients closely and take appropriate precautions.

5.9 Hepatic Toxicity

Cases of acute liver failure have been reported in patients receiving multiple concomitant medications and with serious underlying medical conditions. Other reported hepatic reactions include hepatitis, increases in liver enzymes, and hyperbilirubinemia. Interrupt Norvelzo therapy to assess reversibility. There is limited re-challenge information in these patients.

5.10 Embryo-fetal Risk

Women of reproductive potential should avoid becoming pregnant while being treated with Norvelzo. Bortezomib administered to rabbits during organogenesis at a dose approximately 0.5 times the clinical dose of 1.3 mg/m2 based on body surface area caused post-implantation loss and a decreased number of live fetuses.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The following adverse reactions are also discussed in other sections of the labeling:

• Peripheral Neuropathy
• Hypotension
• Cardiac Toxicity
• Pulmonary Toxicity
• Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)
• Gastrointestinal Toxicity
• Thrombocytopenia/Neutropenia
• Tumor Lysis Syndrome
• Hepatic Toxicity

6.1 Clinical Trials Safety Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.

Summary of Clinical Trial in Patients with Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma:

Table 7 describes safety data from 340 patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma who received Norvelzo (1.3 mg/m2) administered intravenously in combination with melphalan (9 mg/m2) and prednisone (60 mg/m2) in a prospective randomized study.

The safety profile of Norvelzo in combination with melphalan/prednisone is consistent with the known safety profiles of both Norvelzo and melphalan/prednisone.

Table 7: Most Commonly Reported Adverse Reactions (≥ 10% in the Norvelzo, Melphalan and Prednisone arm) with Grades 3 and ≥ 4 Intensity in the Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma Study

	Norvelzo, Melphalan and Prednisone			Melphalan and Prednisone
	(n=340)			(n=337)
System Organ Class	Total	Toxicity Grade, n (%)		Total	Toxicity Grade, n (%)
Preferred Term	n (%)	3	≥ 4	n (%)	3	≥ 4
* Represents High Level Term Peripheral Neuropathies NEC
Blood and lymphatic system disorders
Thrombocytopenia	164 (48)	60 (18)	57 (17)	140 (42)	48 (14)	39 (12)
Neutropenia	160 (47)	101 (30)	33 (10)	143 (42)	77 (23)	42 (12)
Anemia	109 (32)	41 (12)	4 (1)	156 (46)	61 (18)	18 (5)
Leukopenia	108 (32)	64 (19)	8 (2)	93 (28)	53 (16)	11 (3)
Lymphopenia	78 (23)	46 (14)	17 (5)	51 (15)	26 (8)	7 (2)
Gastrointestinal disorders
Nausea	134 (39)	10 (3)	0	70 (21)	1 (< 1)	0
Diarrhea	119 (35)	19 (6)	2 (1)	20 (6)	1 (< 1)	0
Vomiting	87 (26)	13 (4)	0	41 (12)	2 (1)	0
Constipation	77 (23)	2 (1)	0	14 (4)	0	0
Abdominal Pain Upper	34 (10)	1 (< 1)	0	20 (6)	0	0
Nervous system disorders
Peripheral Neuropathy*	156 (46)	42 (12)	2 (1)	4 (1)	0	0
Neuralgia	117 (34)	27 (8)	2 (1)	1 (< 1)	0	0
Paresthesia	42 (12)	6 (2)	0	4 (1)	0	0
General disorders and administration site conditions
Fatigue	85 (25)	19 (6)	2 (1)	48 (14)	4 (1)	0
Asthenia	54 (16)	18 (5)	0	23 (7)	3 (1)	0
Pyrexia	53 (16)	4 (1)	0	19 (6)	1 (< 1)	1 (< 1)
Infections and infestations
Herpes Zoster	39 (11)	11 (3)	0	9 (3)	4 (1)	0
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Anorexia	64 (19)	6 (2)	0	19 (6)	0	0
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Rash	38 (11)	2 (1)	0	7 (2)	0	0
Psychiatric disorders
Insomnia	35 (10)	1 (< 1)	0	21 (6)	0	0

Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Randomized Study of Norvelzo versus Dexamethasone

The safety data described below and in Table 8 reflect exposure to either Norvelzo (n=331) or dexamethasone (n=332) in a study of patients with relapsed multiple myeloma. Norvelzo was administered intravenously at doses of 1.3 mg/m2 twice weekly for 2 out of 3 weeks (21-day cycle). After eight 21-day cycles patients continued therapy for three 35-day cycles on a weekly schedule. Duration of treatment was up to 11 cycles (9 months) with a median duration of 6 cycles (4.1 months). For inclusion in the trial, patients must have had measurable disease and 1 to 3 prior therapies. There was no upper age limit for entry. Creatinine clearance could be as low as 20 mL/min and bilirubin levels as high as 1.5 times the upper limit of normal. The overall frequency of adverse reactions was similar in men and women, and in patients < 65 and ≥ 65 years of age. Most patients were Caucasian.

Among the 331 Norvelzo-treated patients, the most commonly reported (> 20%) adverse reactions overall were nausea (52%), diarrhea (52%), fatigue (39%), peripheral neuropathies NEC (35%), thrombocytopenia (33%), constipation (30%), vomiting (29%), and anorexia (21%). The most commonly reported (> 20%) adverse reaction reported among the 332 patients in the dexamethasone group was fatigue (25%). Eight percent (8%) of patients in the Norvelzo-treated arm experienced a Grade 4 adverse reaction; the most common reactions were thrombocytopenia (4%) and neutropenia (2%). Nine percent (9%) of dexamethasone-treated patients experienced a Grade 4 adverse reaction. All individual dexamethasone-related Grade 4 adverse reactions were less than 1%.

Serious Adverse Reactions and Adverse Reactions Leading to Treatment Discontinuation in the Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study of Norvelzo versus Dexamethasone

Serious adverse reactions are defined as any reaction that results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongs a current hospitalization, results in a significant disability, or is deemed to be an important medical event. A total of 80 (24%) patients from the Norvelzo treatment arm experienced a serious adverse reaction during the study, as did 83 (25%) dexamethasone-treated patients. The most commonly reported serious adverse reactions in the Norvelzo treatment arm were diarrhea (3%), dehydration, herpes zoster, pyrexia, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, and thrombocytopenia (2% each). In the dexamethasone treatment group, the most commonly reported serious adverse reactions were pneumonia (4%), hyperglycemia (3%), pyrexia, and psychotic disorder (2% each).

A total of 145 patients, including 84 (25%) of 331 patients in the Norvelzo treatment group and 61 (18%) of 332 patients in the dexamethasone treatment group were discontinued from treatment due to adverse reactions. Among the 331 Norvelzo treated patients, the most commonly reported adverse reaction leading to discontinuation was peripheral neuropathy (8%). Among the 332 patients in the dexamethasone group, the most commonly reported adverse reactions leading to treatment discontinuation were psychotic disorder and hyperglycemia (2% each).

Four deaths were considered to be Norvelzo-related in this relapsed multiple myeloma study: 1 case each of cardiogenic shock, respiratory insufficiency, congestive heart failure and cardiac arrest. Four deaths were considered dexamethasone-related: 2 cases of sepsis, 1 case of bacterial meningitis, and 1 case of sudden death at home.

Most Commonly Reported Adverse Reactions in the Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study of Norvelzo versus Dexamethasone

The most common adverse reactions from the relapsed multiple myeloma study are shown in Table 8. All adverse reactions with incidence ≥ 10% in the Norvelzo arm are included.

Table 8: Most Commonly Reported Adverse Reactions (≥ 10% in Norvelzo arm), with Grades 3 and 4 Intensity in the Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study of Norvelzo versus Dexamethasone (N=663)

	Norvelzo N=331			Dexamethasone N=332
Preferred Term	All	Grade 3	Grade 4	All	Grade 3	Grade 4
* Based on High Level Term
Adverse Reactions	324 (98)	193 (58)	28 (8)	297 (89)	110 (33)	29 (9)
Nausea	172 (52)	8 (2)	0	31 (9)	0	0
Diarrhea NOS	171 (52)	22 (7)	0	36 (11)	2 (< 1)	0
Fatigue	130 (39)	15 (5)	0	82 (25)	8 (2)	0
Peripheral neuropathies NEC*	115 (35)	23 (7)	2 (< 1)	14 (4)	0	1 (< 1)
Thrombocytopenia	109 (33)	80 (24)	12 (4)	11 (3)	5 (2)	1 (< 1)
Constipation	99 (30)	6 (2)	0	27 (8)	1 (< 1)	0
Vomiting NOS	96 (29)	8 (2)	0	10 (3)	1 (< 1)	0
Anorexia	68 (21)	8 (2)	0	8 (2)	1 (< 1)	0
Pyrexia	66 (20)	2 (< 1)	0	21 (6)	3 (< 1)	1 (< 1)
Paresthesia	64 (19)	5 (2)	0	24 (7)	0	0
Anemia NOS	63 (19)	20 (6)	1 (< 1)	21 (6)	8 (2)	0
Headache NOS	62 (19)	3 (< 1)	0	23 (7)	1 (< 1)	0
Neutropenia	58 (18)	37 (11)	8 (2)	1 (< 1)	1 (< 1)	0
Rash NOS	43 (13)	3 (< 1)	0	7 (2)	0	0
Appetite decreased NOS	36 (11)	0	0	12 (4)	0	0
Dyspnea NOS	35 (11)	11 (3)	1 (< 1)	37 (11)	7 (2)	1 (< 1)
Abdominal pain NOS	35 (11)	5 (2)	0	7 (2)	0	0
Weakness	34 (10)	10 (3)	0	28 (8)	8 (2)	0

Safety Experience from the Phase 2 Open-Label Extension Study in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma

In the phase 2 extension study of 63 patients, no new cumulative or new long-term toxicities were observed with prolonged Norvelzo treatment. These patients were treated for a total of 5.3 to 23 months, including time on Norvelzo in the prior Norvelzo study.

Safety Experience from the Phase 3 Open-Label Study of Norvelzo Subcutaneous versus Intravenous in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma

The safety and efficacy of Norvelzo administered subcutaneously were evaluated in one Phase 3 study at the recommended dose of 1.3 mg/m2. This was a randomized, comparative study of Norvelzo subcutaneous versus intravenous in 222 patients with relapsed multiple myeloma. The safety data described below and in Table 9 reflect exposure to either Norvelzo subcutaneous (n=147) or Norvelzo intravenous (n=74).

Table 9: Most Commonly Reported Adverse Reactions (≥ 10%), with Grade 3 and ≥ 4 Intensity in the Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study (N=221) of Norvelzo Subcutaneous versus Intravenous

	Subcutaneous			Intravenous
	(N=147)			(N=74)
System Organ Class	Total	Toxicity Grade, n (%)		Total	Toxicity Grade, n (%)
Preferred Term	n (%)	3	≥ 4	n (%)	3	≥ 4
Note: Safety population: 147 patients in the subcutaneous treatment group and 74 patients in the intravenous treatment group who received at least 1 dose of study medication
* Represents MedDRA High Level Term.
Blood and lymphatic system disorders
Anemia	28 (19)	8 (5)	0	17 (23)	3 (4)	0
Leukopenia	26 (18)	8 (5)	0	15 (20)	4 (5)	1 (1)
Neutropenia	34 (23)	15 (10)	4 (3)	20 (27)	10 (14)	3 (4)
Thrombocytopenia	44 (30)	7 (5)	5 (3)	25 (34)	7 (9)	5 (7)
Gastrointestinal disorders
Diarrhea	28 (19)	1 (1)	0	21 (28)	3 (4)	0
Nausea	24 (16)	0	0	10 (14)	0	0
Vomiting	13 (9)	3 (2)	0	8 (11)	0	0
General disorders and administration site conditions
Asthenia	10 (7)	1 (1)	0	12 (16)	4 (5)	0
Fatigue	11 (7)	3 (2)	0	11 (15)	3 (4)	0
Pyrexia	18 (12)	0	0	6 (8)	0	0
Nervous system disorders
Neuralgia	34 (23)	5 (3)	0	17 (23)	7 (9)	0
Peripheral neuropathies NEC*	55 (37)	8 (5)	1 (1)	37 (50)	10 (14)	1 (1)

In general, safety data were similar for the subcutaneous and intravenous treatment groups. Differences were observed in the rates of some Grade ≥ 3 adverse reactions. Differences of ≥ 5% were reported in neuralgia (3% subcutaneous versus 9% intravenous), peripheral neuropathies NEC (6% subcutaneous versus 15% intravenous), neutropenia (13% subcutaneous versus 18% intravenous), and thrombocytopenia (8% subcutaneous versus 16% intravenous).

A local reaction was reported in 6% of patients in the subcutaneous group, mostly redness. Only 2 (1%) patients were reported as having severe reactions, 1 case of pruritus and 1 case of redness. Local reactions led to reduction in injection concentration in one patient and drug discontinuation in one patient. Local reactions resolved in a median of 6 days.

Dose reductions occurred due to adverse reactions in 31% of patients in the subcutaneous treatment group compared with 43% of the intravenously-treated patients. The most common adverse reactions leading to a dose reduction included peripheral sensory neuropathy (17% in the subcutaneous treatment group compared with 31% in the intravenous treatment group); and neuralgia (11% in the subcutaneous treatment group compared with 19% in the intravenous treatment group).

Serious Adverse Reactions and Adverse Reactions Leading to Treatment Discontinuation in the Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study of Norvelzo Subcutaneous versus Intravenous

The incidence of serious adverse reactions was similar for the subcutaneous treatment group (20%) and the intravenous treatment group (19%). The most commonly reported serious adverse reactions in the subcutaneous treatment arm were pneumonia and pyrexia (2% each). In the intravenous treatment group, the most commonly reported serious adverse reactions were pneumonia, diarrhea, and peripheral sensory neuropathy (3% each).

In the subcutaneous treatment group, 27 patients (18%) discontinued study treatment due to an adverse reaction compared with 17 patients (23%) in the intravenous treatment group. Among the 147 subcutaneously-treated patients, the most commonly reported adverse reactions leading to discontinuation were peripheral sensory neuropathy (5%) and neuralgia (5%). Among the 74 patients in the intravenous treatment group, the most commonly reported adverse reactions leading to treatment discontinuation were peripheral sensory neuropathy (9%) and neuralgia (9%).

Two patients (1%) in the subcutaneous treatment group and 1 (1%) patient in the intravenous treatment group died due to an adverse reaction during treatment. In the subcutaneous group the causes of death were one case of pneumonia and one case of sudden death. In the intravenous group the cause of death was coronary artery insufficiency.

Integrated Summary of Safety (Relapsed Multiple Myeloma and Mantle Cell Lymphoma)

Safety data from phase 2 and 3 studies of single agent Norvelzo 1.3 mg/m2/dose twice weekly for 2 weeks followed by a 10-day rest period in 1163 patients with previously-treated multiple myeloma (N=1008) and previously-treated mantle cell lymphoma (N=155) were integrated and tabulated. This analysis does not include data from the Phase 3 Open-Label Study of Norvelzo subcutaneous versus intravenous in relapsed multiple myeloma. In the integrated studies, the safety profile of Norvelzo was similar in patients with multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma.

In the integrated analysis, the most commonly reported (> 20%) adverse reactions were nausea (49%), diarrhea (46%), asthenic conditions including fatigue (41%) and weakness (11%), peripheral neuropathies NEC (38%), thrombocytopenia (32%), vomiting (28%), constipation (25%), and pyrexia (21%). Eleven percent (11%) of patients experienced at least 1 episode of ≥ Grade 4 toxicity, most commonly thrombocytopenia (4%) and neutropenia (2%).

In the Phase 2 relapsed multiple myeloma clinical trials of Norvelzo administered intravenously, local skin irritation was reported in 5% of patients, but extravasation of Norvelzo was not associated with tissue damage.

Serious Adverse Reactions and Adverse Reactions Leading to Treatment Discontinuation in the Integrated Summary of Safety

A total of 26% of patients experienced a serious adverse reaction during the studies. The most commonly reported serious adverse reactions included diarrhea, vomiting and pyrexia (3% each), nausea, dehydration, and thrombocytopenia (2% each) and pneumonia, dyspnea, peripheral neuropathies NEC, and herpes zoster (1% each).

Adverse reactions leading to discontinuation occurred in 22% of patients. The reasons for discontinuation included peripheral neuropathy (8%), and fatigue, thrombocytopenia, and diarrhea (2% each).

In total, 2% of the patients died and the cause of death was considered by the investigator to be possibly related to study drug: including reports of cardiac arrest, congestive heart failure, respiratory failure, renal failure, pneumonia and sepsis.

Most Commonly Reported Adverse Reactions in the Integrated Summary of Safety

The most common adverse reactions are shown in Table 10. All adverse reactions occurring at ≥ 10% are included. In the absence of a randomized comparator arm, it is often not possible to distinguish between adverse events that are drug-caused and those that reflect the patient's underlying disease. Please see the discussion of specific adverse reactions that follows.

Table 10: Most Commonly Reported (≥ 10% Overall) Adverse Reactions in Integrated Analyses of Relapsed Multiple Myeloma and Mantle Cell Lymphoma Studies using the 1.3 mg/m2 Dose (N=1163)

	All Patients N=1163		Multiple Myeloma N=1008		Mantle Cell Lymphoma N=155
Preferred Term	All	≥ Grade 3	All	≥ Grade 3	All	≥ Grade 3
* Based on High Level Term
Nausea	567 (49)	36 (3)	511 (51)	32 (3)	56 (36)	4 (3)
Diarrhea NOS	530 (46)	83 (7)	470 (47)	72 (7)	60 (39)	11 (7)
Fatigue	477 (41)	86 (7)	396 (39)	71 (7)	81 (52)	15 (10)
Peripheral neuropathies NEC *	443 (38)	129 (11)	359 (36)	110 (11)	84 (54)	19 (12)
Thrombocytopenia	369 (32)	295 (25)	344 (34)	283 (28)	25 (16)	12 (8)
Vomiting NOS	321 (28)	44 (4)	286 (28)	40 (4)	35 (23)	4 (3)
Constipation	296 (25)	17 (1)	244 (24)	14 (1)	52 (34)	3 (2)
Pyrexia	249 (21)	16 (1)	233 (23)	15 (1)	16 (10)	1 (< 1)
Anorexia	227 (20)	19 (2)	205 (20)	16 (2)	22 (14)	3 (2)
Anemia NOS	209 (18)	65 (6)	190 (19)	63 (6)	19 (12)	2 (1)
Headache NOS	175 (15)	8 (< 1)	160 (16)	8 (< 1)	15 (10)	0
Neutropenia	172 (15)	121 (10)	164 (16)	117 (12)	8 (5)	4 (3)
Rash NOS	156 (13)	8 (< 1)	120 (12)	4 (< 1)	36 (23)	4 (3)
Paresthesia	147 (13)	9 (< 1)	136 (13)	8 (< 1)	11 (7)	1 (< 1)
Dizziness (excl vertigo)	129 (11)	13 (1)	101 (10)	9 (< 1)	28 (18)	4 (3)
Weakness	124 (11)	31 (3)	106 (11)	28 (3)	18 (12)	3 (2)

Description of Selected Adverse Reactions from the Integrated Phase 2 and 3 Relapsed Multiple Myeloma and Phase 2 Mantle Cell Lymphoma Studies

Gastrointestinal Toxicity

A total of 75% of patients experienced at least one gastrointestinal disorder. The most common gastrointestinal disorders included nausea, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, and appetite decreased. Other gastrointestinal disorders included dyspepsia and dysgeusia. Grade 3 adverse reactions occurred in 14% of patients; ≥ Grade 4 adverse reactions were ≤ 1%. Gastrointestinal adverse reactions were considered serious in 7% of patients. Four percent (4%) of patients discontinued due to a gastrointestinal adverse reaction. Nausea was reported more often in patients with multiple myeloma (51%) compared to patients with mantle cell lymphoma (36%).

Thrombocytopenia

Across the studies, Norvelzo-associated thrombocytopenia was characterized by a decrease in platelet count during the dosing period (days 1 to 11) and a return toward baseline during the 10-day rest period during each treatment cycle. Overall, thrombocytopenia was reported in 32% of patients. Thrombocytopenia was Grade 3 in 22%, ≥ Grade 4 in 4%, and serious in 2% of patients, and the reaction resulted in Norvelzo discontinuation in 2% of patients. Thrombocytopenia was reported more often in patients with multiple myeloma (34%) compared to patients with mantle cell lymphoma (16%). The incidence of ≥ Grade 3 thrombocytopenia also was higher in patients with multiple myeloma (28%) compared to patients with mantle cell lymphoma (8%).

Peripheral Neuropathy

Overall, peripheral neuropathies NEC occurred in 38% of patients. Peripheral neuropathy was Grade 3 for 11% of patients and ≥ Grade 4 for < 1% of patients. Eight percent (8%) of patients discontinued Norvelzo due to peripheral neuropathy. The incidence of peripheral neuropathy was higher among patients with mantle cell lymphoma (54%) compared to patients with multiple myeloma (36%).

In the Norvelzo versus dexamethasone phase 3 relapsed multiple myeloma study, among the 62 Norvelzo-treated patients who experienced ≥ Grade 2 peripheral neuropathy and had dose adjustments, 48% had improved or resolved with a median of 3.8 months from first onset.

In the phase 2 relapsed multiple myeloma studies, among the 30 patients who experienced Grade 2 peripheral neuropathy resulting in discontinuation or who experienced ≥ Grade 3 peripheral neuropathy, 73% reported improvement or resolution with a median time of 47 days to improvement of one Grade or more from the last dose of Norvelzo.

Hypotension

The incidence of hypotension (postural, orthostatic and hypotension NOS) was 8% in patients treated with Norvelzo. Hypotension was Grade 1 or 2 in the majority of patients and Grade 3 in 2% and ≥ Grade 4 in < 1%. Two percent (2%) of patients had hypotension reported as a serious adverse reaction, and 1% discontinued due to hypotension. The incidence of hypotension was similar in patients with multiple myeloma (8%) and those with mantle cell lymphoma (9%). In addition, < 1% of patients experienced hypotension associated with a syncopal reaction.

Neutropenia

Neutrophil counts decreased during the Norvelzo dosing period (days 1 to 11) and returned toward baseline during the 10-day rest period during each treatment cycle. Overall, neutropenia occurred in 15% of patients and was Grade 3 in 8% of patients and ≥ Grade 4 in 2%. Neutropenia was reported as a serious adverse reaction in < 1% of patients and < 1% of patients discontinued due to neutropenia. The incidence of neutropenia was higher in patients with multiple myeloma (16%) compared to patients with mantle cell lymphoma (5%). The incidence of ≥ Grade 3 neutropenia also was higher in patients with multiple myeloma (12%) compared to patients with mantle cell lymphoma (3%).

Asthenic conditions (Fatigue, Malaise, Weakness, Asthenia)

Asthenic conditions were reported in 54% of patients. Fatigue was reported as Grade 3 in 7% and ≥ Grade 4 in < 1% of patients. Asthenia was reported as Grade 3 in 2% and ≥ Grade 4 in < 1% of patients. Two percent (2%) of patients discontinued treatment due to fatigue and < 1% due to weakness and asthenia. Asthenic conditions were reported in 53% of patients with multiple myeloma and 59% of patients with mantle cell lymphoma.

Pyrexia

Pyrexia (> 38ºC) was reported as an adverse reaction for 21% of patients. The reaction was Grade 3 in 1% and ≥ Grade 4 in < 1%. Pyrexia was reported as a serious adverse reaction in 3% of patients and led to Norvelzo discontinuation in < 1% of patients. The incidence of pyrexia was higher among patients with multiple myeloma (23%) compared to patients with mantle cell lymphoma (10%). The incidence of ≥ Grade 3 pyrexia was 1% in patients with multiple myeloma and < 1% in patients with mantle cell lymphoma.

Herpes Virus Infection

Consider using antiviral prophylaxis in subjects being treated with Norvelzo. In the randomized studies in previously untreated and relapsed multiple myeloma, herpes zoster reactivation was more common in subjects treated with Norvelzo (ranging between 6-11%) than in the control groups (3-4%). Herpes simplex was seen in 1-3% in subjects treated with Norvelzo and 1-3% in the control groups. In the previously untreated multiple myeloma study, herpes zoster virus reactivation in the Norvelzo, melphalan and prednisone arm was less common in subjects receiving prophylactic antiviral therapy (3%) than in subjects who did not receive prophylactic antiviral therapy (17%).

Additional Adverse Reactions from Clinical Studies

The following clinically important serious adverse reactions that are not described above have been reported in clinical trials in patients treated with Norvelzo administered as monotherapy or in combination with other chemotherapeutics. These studies were conducted in patients with hematological malignancies and in solid tumors.

Blood and lymphatic system disorders: Anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, febrile neutropenia, lymphopenia, leukopenia

Cardiac disorders: Angina pectoris, atrial fibrillation aggravated, atrial flutter, bradycardia, sinus arrest, cardiac amyloidosis, complete atrioventricular block, myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, Torsades de pointes, ventricular tachycardia

Ear and labyrinth disorders: Hearing impaired, vertigo

Eye disorders: Diplopia and blurred vision, conjunctival infection, irritation

Gastrointestinal disorders: Abdominal pain, ascites, dysphagia, fecal impaction, gastroenteritis, gastritis hemorrhagic, hematemesis, hemorrhagic duodenitis, ileus paralytic, large intestinal obstruction, paralytic intestinal obstruction, peritonitis, small intestinal obstruction, large intestinal perforation, stomatitis, melena, pancreatitis acute, oral mucosal petechiae, gastroesophageal reflux

General disorders and administration site conditions: Chills, edema, edema peripheral, injection site erythema, neuralgia, injection site pain, irritation, malaise, phlebitis

Hepatobiliary disorders: Cholestasis, hepatic hemorrhage, hyperbilirubinemia, portal vein thrombosis, hepatitis, liver failure

Immune system disorders: Anaphylactic reaction, drug hypersensitivity, immune complex mediated hypersensitivity, angioedema, laryngeal edema

Infections and infestations: Aspergillosis, bacteremia, bronchitis, urinary tract infection, herpes viral infection, listeriosis, nasopharyngitis, pneumonia, respiratory tract infection, septic shock, toxoplasmosis, oral candidiasis, sinusitis, catheter related infection

Injury, poisoning and procedural complications: Catheter related complication, skeletal fracture, subdural hematoma

Investigations: Weight decreased

Metabolism and nutrition disorders: Dehydration, hypocalcemia, hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypernatremia

Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: Arthralgia, back pain, bone pain, myalgia, pain in extremity

Nervous system disorders: Ataxia, coma, dizziness, dysarthria, dysesthesia, dysautonomia, encephalopathy, cranial palsy, grand mal convulsion, headache, hemorrhagic stroke, motor dysfunction, neuralgia, spinal cord compression, paralysis, postherpetic neuralgia, transient ischemic attack

Psychiatric disorders: Agitation, anxiety, confusion, insomnia, mental status change, psychotic disorder, suicidal ideation

Renal and urinary disorders: Calculus renal, bilateral hydronephrosis, bladder spasm, hematuria, hemorrhagic cystitis, urinary incontinence, urinary retention, renal failure (acute and chronic), glomerular nephritis proliferative

Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: Acute respiratory distress syndrome, aspiration pneumonia, atelectasis, chronic obstructive airways disease exacerbated, cough, dysphagia, dyspnea, dyspnea exertional, epistaxis, hemoptysis, hypoxia, lung infiltration, pleural effusion, pneumonitis, respiratory distress, pulmonary hypertension

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Urticaria, face edema, rash (which may be pruritic), leukocytoclastic vasculitis, pruritus.

Vascular disorders: Cerebrovascular accident, cerebral hemorrhage, deep venous thrombosis, hypertension, peripheral embolism, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension

6.2 Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified from the worldwide postmarketing experience with Norvelzo. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure: atrioventricular block complete, cardiac tamponade, ischemic colitis, encephalopathy, dysautonomia, deafness bilateral, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hepatitis, acute pancreatitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), acute diffuse infiltrative pulmonary disease, PRES (formerly RPLS), toxic epidermal necrolysis, acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome), herpes meningoencephalitis, optic neuropathy, blindness and ophthalmic herpes.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

Bortezomib is a substrate of cytochrome P450 enzyme 3A4, 2C19 and 1A2.

7.1 CYP3A4 inhibitors

Co-administration of ketoconazole, a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, increased the exposure of bortezomib by 35% in 12 patients. Monitor patients for signs of bortezomib toxicity and consider a bortezomib dose reduction if bortezomib must be given in combination with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g. ketoconazole, ritonavir).

7.2 CYP2C19 inhibitors

Co-administration of omeprazole, a strong inhibitor of CYP2C19, had no effect on the exposure of bortezomib in 17 patients.

7.3 CYP3A4 inducers

Co-administration of rifampin, a strong CYP3A4 inducer, is expected to decrease the exposure of bortezomib by at least 45%. Because the drug interaction study (n=6) was not designed to exert the maximum effect of rifampin on bortezomib PK, decreases greater than 45% may occur.

Efficacy may be reduced when Norvelzo is used in combination with strong CYP3A4 inducers; therefore, concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inducers is not recommended in patients receiving Norvelzo.

St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) may decrease bortezomib exposure unpredictably and should be avoided.

7.4 Dexamethasone

Co-administration of dexamethasone, a weak CYP3A4 inducer, had no effect on the exposure of bortezomib in 7 patients.

7.5 Melphalan-Prednisone

Co-administration of melphalan-prednisone increased the exposure of bortezomib by 17% in 21 patients. However, this increase is unlikely to be clinically relevant.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category D.

Bortezomib was not teratogenic in nonclinical developmental toxicity studies in rats and rabbits at the highest dose tested (0.075 mg/kg; 0.5 mg/m2 in the rat and 0.05 mg/kg; 0.6 mg/m2 in the rabbit) when administered during organogenesis. These dosages are approximately half the clinical dose of 1.3 mg/m2 based on body surface area.

Pregnant rabbits given bortezomib during organogenesis at a dose of 0.05mg/kg (0.6 mg/m2) experienced significant post-implantation loss and decreased number of live fetuses. Live fetuses from these litters also showed significant decreases in fetal weight. The dose is approximately 0.5 times the clinical dose of 1.3 mg/m2 based on body surface area.

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. If Norvelzo is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while receiving this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus.

8.3 Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether bortezomib is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from Norvelzo, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

8.4 Pediatric Use

The safety and effectiveness of Norvelzo in children have not been established.

8.5 Geriatric Use

Of the 669 patients enrolled in the relapsed multiple myeloma study, 245 (37%) were 65 years of age or older: 125 (38%) on the Norvelzo arm and 120 (36%) on the dexamethasone arm. Median time to progression and median duration of response for patients ≥ 65 were longer on Norvelzo compared to dexamethasone [5.5 mo versus 4.3 mo, and 8.0 mo versus 4.9 mo, respectively]. On the Norvelzo arm, 40% (n=46) of evaluable patients aged ≥ 65 experienced response (CR+PR) versus 18% (n=21) on the dexamethasone arm. The incidence of Grade 3 and 4 events was 64%, 78% and 75% for Norvelzo patients ≤ 50, 51-64 and ≥ 65 years old, respectively.

No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between patients ≥ age 65 and younger patients receiving Norvelzo; but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

8.6 Patients with Renal Impairment

The pharmacokinetics of Norvelzo are not influenced by the degree of renal impairment. Therefore, dosing adjustments of Norvelzo are not necessary for patients with renal insufficiency. Since dialysis may reduce Norvelzo concentrations, Norvelzo should be administered after the dialysis procedure.

8.7 Patients with Hepatic Impairment

The exposure of bortezomib is increased in patients with moderate (bilirubin ≥ 1.5 – 3× ULN) and severe (bilirubin > 3 × ULN) hepatic impairment. Starting dose should be reduced in those patients.

8.8 Patients with Diabetes

During clinical trials, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia were reported in diabetic patients receiving oral hypoglycemics. Patients on oral anti-diabetic agents receiving Norvelzo treatment may require close monitoring of their blood glucose levels and adjustment of the dose of their anti-diabetic medication.

10 OVERDOSAGE

There is no known specific antidote for Norvelzo overdosage. In humans, fatal outcomes following the administration of more than twice the recommended therapeutic dose have been reported, which were associated with the acute onset of symptomatic hypotension (5.2) and thrombocytopenia (5.7). In the event of an overdosage, the patient's vital signs should be monitored and appropriate supportive care given.

Studies in monkeys and dogs showed that intravenous bortezomib doses as low as 2 times the recommended clinical dose on a mg/m2 basis were associated with increases in heart rate, decreases in contractility, hypotension, and death. In dog studies, a slight increase in the corrected QT interval was observed at doses resulting in death. In monkeys, doses of 3.0 mg/m2 and greater (approximately twice the recommended clinical dose) resulted in hypotension starting at 1 hour post-administration, with progression to death in 12 to 14 hours following drug administration.

11 DESCRIPTION

Norvelzo® (bortezomib) for Injection is an antineoplastic agent available for intravenous injection or subcutaneous use. Each single use vial contains 3.5 mg of bortezomib as a sterile lyophilized powder. Inactive ingredient: 35 mg mannitol, USP.

Bortezomib is a modified dipeptidyl boronic acid. The product is provided as a mannitol boronic ester which, in reconstituted form, consists of the mannitol ester in equilibrium with its hydrolysis product, the monomeric boronic acid. The drug substance exists in its cyclic anhydride form as a trimeric boroxine.

The chemical name for bortezomib, the monomeric boronic acid, is [(1R)-3-methyl-1-[[(2S)-1-oxo-3-phenyl-2-[(pyrazinylcarbonyl) amino]propyl]amino]butyl] boronic acid.

Bortezomib has the following chemical structure:

The molecular weight is 384.24. The molecular formula is C19H25BN4O4. The solubility of bortezomib, as the monomeric boronic acid, in water is 3.3 to 3.8 mg/mL in a pH range of 2 to 6.5.

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

Bortezomib is a reversible inhibitor of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 26S proteasome in mammalian cells. The 26S proteasome is a large protein complex that degrades ubiquitinated proteins. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway plays an essential role in regulating the intracellular concentration of specific proteins, thereby maintaining homeostasis within cells. Inhibition of the 26S proteasome prevents this targeted proteolysis, which can affect multiple signaling cascades within the cell. This disruption of normal homeostatic mechanisms can lead to cell death. Experiments have demonstrated that bortezomib is cytotoxic to a variety of cancer cell types in vitro. Bortezomib causes a delay in tumor growth in vivo in nonclinical tumor models, including multiple myeloma.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

Following twice weekly administration of 1 mg/m2 and 1.3 mg/m2 bortezomib doses (n=12 per each dose level), the maximum inhibition of 20S proteasome activity (relative to baseline) in whole blood was observed 5 minutes after drug administration. Comparable maximum inhibition of 20S proteasome activity was observed between 1 and 1.3 mg/m2 doses. Maximal inhibition ranged from 70% to 84% and from 73% to 83% for the 1 mg/m2 and 1.3 mg/m2 dose regimens, respectively.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

Following intravenous administration of 1 mg/m2 and 1.3 mg/m2 doses to 24 patients with multiple myeloma (n=12, per each dose level), the mean maximum plasma concentrations of bortezomib (Cmax) after the first dose (Day 1) were 57 and 112 ng/mL, respectively. In subsequent doses, when administered twice weekly, the mean maximum observed plasma concentrations ranged from 67 to 106 ng/mL for the 1 mg/m2 dose and 89 to 120 ng/mL for the 1.3 mg/m2 dose. The mean elimination half-life of bortezomib upon multiple dosing ranged from 40 to 193 hours after the 1 mg/m2 dose and 76 to 108 hours after the 1.3mg/m2 dose. The mean total body clearances was 102 and 112 L/h following the first dose for doses of 1 mg/m2 and 1.3 mg/m2, respectively, and ranged from 15 to 32 L/h following subsequent doses for doses of 1 and 1.3 mg/m2, respectively.

Following an intravenous bolus or subcutaneous injection of a 1.3 mg/m2 dose to patients (n = 14 for intravenous, n = 17 for subcutaneous) with multiple myeloma, the total systemic exposure after repeat dose administration (AUClast) was equivalent for subcutaneous and intravenous administration. The Cmax after subcutaneous administration (20.4 ng/mL) was lower than intravenous (223 ng/mL). The AUClast geometric mean ratio was 0.99 and 90% confidence intervals were 80.18% - 122.80%.

Distribution: The mean distribution volume of bortezomib ranged from approximately 498 to 1884 L/m2 following single- or repeat-dose administration of 1 mg/m2 or 1.3mg/m2 to patients with multiple myeloma. This suggests bortezomib distributes widely to peripheral tissues. The binding of bortezomib to human plasma proteins averaged 83% over the concentration range of 100 to 1000 ng/mL.

Metabolism: In vitro studies with human liver microsomes and human cDNA-expressed cytochrome P450 isozymes indicate that bortezomib is primarily oxidatively metabolized via cytochrome P450 enzymes 3A4, 2C19, and 1A2. Bortezomib metabolism by CYP 2D6 and 2C9 enzymes is minor. The major metabolic pathway is deboronation to form 2 deboronated metabolites that subsequently undergo hydroxylation to several metabolites. Deboronated bortezomib metabolites are inactive as 26S proteasome inhibitors. Pooled plasma data from 8 patients at 10 min and 30 min after dosing indicate that the plasma levels of metabolites are low compared to the parent drug.

Elimination: The pathways of elimination of bortezomib have not been characterized in humans.

Age: Analyses of data after the first dose of Cycle 1 (Day 1) in 39 multiple myeloma patients who had received intravenous doses of 1 mg/m2 and 1.3 mg/m2 showed that both dose-normalized AUC and Cmax tend to be less in younger patients. Patients < 65 years of age (n=26) had about 25% lower mean dose-normalized AUC and Cmax than those ≥ 65 years of age (n=13).

Gender: Mean dose-normalized AUC and Cmax values were comparable between male (n=22) and female (n=17) patients after the first dose of Cycle 1 for the 1 and 1.3 mg/m2 doses.

Race: The effect of race on exposure to bortezomib could not be assessed as most of the patients were Caucasian.

Hepatic Impairment: The effect of hepatic impairment for definition of hepatic impairment) on the pharmacokinetics of bortezomib was assessed in 60 patients with cancer at bortezomib doses ranging from 0.5 to 1.3 mg/m2. When compared to patients with normal hepatic function, mild hepatic impairment did not alter dose-normalized bortezomib AUC. However, the dose-normalized mean AUC values were increased by approximately 60% in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment. A lower starting dose is recommended in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment, and those patients should be monitored closely.

Renal Impairment: A pharmacokinetic study was conducted in patients with various degrees of renal impairment who were classified according to their creatinine clearance values (CrCl) into the following groups: Normal (CrCl ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2, N=12), Mild (CrCl=40-59 mL/min/1.73 m2, N=10), Moderate (CrCl=20-39 mL/min/1.73 m2, N=9), and Severe (CrCl < 20 mL/min/1.73 m2, N=3). A group of dialysis patients who were dosed after dialysis was also included in the study (N=8). Patients were administered intravenous doses of 0.7 to 1.3 mg/m2 of bortezomib twice weekly. Exposure of bortezomib (dose-normalized AUC and Cmax) was comparable among all the groups.

Pediatric: There are no pharmacokinetic data in pediatric patients.

Cytochrome P450: Bortezomib is a poor inhibitor of human liver microsome cytochrome P450 1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4, with IC50 values of > 30µM (> 11.5µg/mL). Bortezomib may inhibit 2C19 activity (IC50 = 18 µM, 6.9 µg/mL) and increase exposure to drugs that are substrates for this enzyme. Bortezomib did not induce the activities of cytochrome P450 3A4 and 1A2 in primary cultured human hepatocytes.

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

Carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted with bortezomib.

Bortezomib showed clastogenic activity (structural chromosomal aberrations) in the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Bortezomib was not genotoxic when tested in the in vitro mutagenicity assay (Ames test) and in vivo micronucleus assay in mice.

Fertility studies with bortezomib were not performed but evaluation of reproductive tissues has been performed in the general toxicity studies. In the 6-month rat toxicity study, degenerative effects in the ovary were observed at doses ≥ 0.3 mg/m2 (one-fourth of the recommended clinical dose), and degenerative changes in the testes occurred at 1.2 mg/m2. Norvelzo could have a potential effect on either male or female fertility.

13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology

Cardiovascular Toxicity: Studies in monkeys showed that administration of dosages approximately twice the recommended clinical dose resulted in heart rate elevations, followed by profound progressive hypotension, bradycardia, and death 12 to 14 hours post dose. Doses ≥ 1.2 mg/m2 induced dose-proportional changes in cardiac parameters. Bortezomib has been shown to distribute to most tissues in the body, including the myocardium. In a repeated dosing toxicity study in the monkey, myocardial hemorrhage, inflammation, and necrosis were also observed.

Chronic Administration: In animal studies at a dose and schedule similar to that recommended for patients (twice weekly dosing for 2 weeks followed by 1-week rest), toxicities observed included severe anemia and thrombocytopenia, and gastrointestinal, neurological and lymphoid system toxicities. Neurotoxic effects of bortezomib in animal studies included axonal swelling and degeneration in peripheral nerves, dorsal spinal roots, and tracts of the spinal cord. Additionally, multifocal hemorrhage and necrosis in the brain, eye, and heart were observed.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES

14.1 Multiple Myeloma